1. Physical Foundations
The long-lived systems that modern life depends on
Modern economies rely on physical systems that are capital-intensive, slow to build, and difficult to replace once degraded. This basket focuses on the infrastructure that enables energy, materials, transport, water, land productivity, and industrial capacity to function over decades. These assets are routinely underprovided by markets because they require scale, coordination, and long time horizons, yet without them economic activity, resilience, and technological progress cannot be sustained.
2. Human Health & Biological Security
Reducing large, systemic risks to population health
Healthy populations and resilient health systems are a prerequisite for economic stability, yet investment consistently favours late-stage treatment over prevention and preparedness. This basket targets structural health risks that accumulate quietly or emerge suddenly at scale, prioritising system-level protection such as disease surveillance, antimicrobial effectiveness, air and water safety, and medical supply resilience, rather than individual lifestyle choices or speculative biomedical bets.
3. Productive Capacity & Economic Participation
The conditions that allow real economic activity to persist
This basket focuses on whether productive activity can continue without chronic fragility. It addresses the financial, organisational, and workforce structures that determine whether firms, supply chains, and workers can adapt to shocks, maintain output, and transmit productive capacity over time. The emphasis is on durability and participation, not redistributive outcomes or ideological models of growth.
4. Information, Power & Institutional Integrity
The systems markets and democracies rely on to function
Markets depend on credible information, enforceable rules, competition, and institutions capable of exercising authority. This basket focuses on systemic risks that arise when economic or informational power becomes overly concentrated, opaque, or detached from accountability, particularly in digital and cross-border contexts. The aim is institutional functionality: ensuring that economic coordination, governance, and decision-making remain viable under technological and geopolitical strain.
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